This compressor was a product of the combined technology and design heritage of both the C. & G. Cooper Company of Mount Vernon and the Bessemer Gas Engine Company of Pennsylvania, which had merged in 1929. Ralph L. Boyer, the chief architect of the GMV, worked for Cooper-Bessemer from 1926 through 1965.
Mechanical
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Image Credit:
courtesy www.osagcd.com
Image Caption:
Cooper-Bessemer Type GMV Integral-Angle Gas E
Era_date_from:
1944
2006
Early internal combustion engines produced only a few horsepower and were unable to replace steam engines in most applications until about 1890. By then, they were powerful enough for most portable or remote locations and many small manufactures. By 1900, they were replacing reciprocating steam engines for electric generation, and by 1915, they were being considered for all but the largest installations where steam turbines have dominated to date.
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Image Credit:
Courtesy Flickr/sirbeagle (CC BY 2.0)
Image Caption:
Coolspring Power Museum
Era_date_from:
1890
2001
The use of heat pumps for the heating and cooling of the Commonwealth Building, initiated in 1948, was a pioneering achievement in the western hemisphere. The theoretical conception of the heat pump was described in a neglected book, published in 1824 and written by a young French army officer, Sadi Carnot. Its practical application on a large scale is attributable to designers J. Donald Kroeker and Ray C. Chewning, building engineer Charles E. Graham, and architect Pietro Belluschi.
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Image Credit:
1940s postcard featuring the new Commonwealth (Equitable) Building in Portland, OR.
Image Caption:
Commonwealth Building Heat Pump
Era_date_from:
1948
1980
Colvin Run Mill is an early 19th century operating gristmill, closely modeled on the principles developed by Oliver Evans (1755-1819). Powered by a waterwheel, the restored mill was probably built on or after 1811 on the site of an older mill. Originally, the site was the property of George Washington, who identified it as ideal for a mill site. The first verifiable documentation of gristmill business was made by Philip Carter, who purchased a 90-acre property about 1811 from William Sheppard, who probably built the original mill based on Evans' design.
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Image Credit:
Courtesy Flickr/Fairfax County Chamber of Commerce (CC BY 2.0)
Image Caption:
Colvin Run Mill
Era_date_from:
ca. 1810
2001
Formerly known as the Oneida Street Power Plant, this plant served from 1918 to 1920 as the pilot plant in the United States for the development and use of finely pulverized coal firing in the boilers of steam-electric power plants. The results of the Oneida experiences were major changes in boiler design and lower costs of power generation.
Following the early years of central station electric development, experiments at Onieda Street resolved persisting inefficiencies at a time when coal was increasingly expensive and of poorer quality.
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Image Credit:
Image source:
1980
Wisconsin Historical Society Image Caption: East Wells Onieda Street Power Plant Era_date_from: 1918
Clyde's mill is a rare survivor of a once-commonplace seasonal rural industry. Until recently a cider mill could be found in every community where apples were grown. In the fall, mills converted the fruit of the orchard into drink just as the grist mill converted the grain into flour.
Although cider was produced on individual farms for private use, the centrally located mill became popular for farmers who would sell surplus apples to the mill and bring back the juice to ferment into hard cider. In 1881 Benjamin Clyde began pressing his apples at local mills and soon rented his own press.
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Image Credit:
Courtesy Flickr/Erica Peterson (CC BY 2.0)
Image Caption:
The steam-powered cider press of BF Clyde's Cider Mill in action.
Era_date_from:
1898
1994
Fossil Creek meanders ten miles to the Verde River, dropping some 1,600 feet during its course and, at the turn of the century, enticed miners in the copper-rich Irving area to use a new technology -- hydroelectric power. A seven-mile series of flumes brings the water from a dam below Fossil Spring to the Irving Plant and then to Stehr Lake.
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Image Credit:
Original Image: Public Domain (National Park Service)
Image Caption:
Childs-Irving Hydroelectric Project
Era_date_from:
1909
1976
The Chicago, Burlington, & Quincy Railroad was the first railroad to link Chicago and the Mississippi River, in the 1850s. This forty-stall roundhouse, large even for its time, became a major center for railroad activity for the CB&Q. It served as a repair and construction facility from which more locomotives and cars than any other CB&Q installation were built. Steam engines, passenger cars, freight cars, precision parts, tools, and machines were designed and built, beginning about 1858.
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Image Credit:
Courtesy Flickr/EarlRShumaker (CC BY 2.0)
Image Caption:
Chicago Burlington & Quincy Railroad Roundhouse
Era_date_from:
1850s
1988
At the site of the first water pumping station providing water and sewage systems to the City of Erie in 1868, the Chestnut Street Pumping Station houses one of the largest steam engines, which pumped 20 million gallons a day. The triple-expansion steam reciprocating engine, which pumped water from the filter plant to the city reservoir, was typical of those used in municipal water pumping stations throughout the country during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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Image Credit:
Image Caption:
Chestnut Street Pumping Engine
Era_date_from:
1913
1981
As one of the large strikes in the Lake Superior geological district, the Chapin Mine was located under a cedar swamp and unminable until it was drained by one of the largest pumping engines of the 1880s. Miners at the Chapin Mine, which began producing ore in 1880, soon tried to sink a deep shaft through 90 feet of quicksand, using enormous pumps driven by compressed air. The sand was frozen using two of the largest refrigeration compressors built, and a sectional cast-iron circular shell lined the D shaft. Mining continued for ten years using conventional pumps to dewater the lower levels.
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Image Credit:
Public Domain; Produced prior to 1/1/1923
Image Caption:
Chapin Mine Pump
Era_date_from:
1893
1987
Innovations
